Case Study - IPv6 based building automation solution integration into an IPv4 Network Service Provider infrastructure

The case study presents a case study describing an Internet Protocol (IP) version 6 (v6) introduction to an IPv4 Internet Service Provider (ISP) network infrastructure. The case study driver is an ISP willing to introduce a new “killer” service related to Internet of Things (IoT) style building automation. The provider and cooperation of third party companies specialized in building automation will provide the service. The ISP has to deliver the network access layer and to accommodate the building automation solution traffic throughout its network infrastructure. The third party companies are system integrators and building automation solution vendors. IPv6 is suitable for such solutions due to the following reasons. The operator can’t accommodate large number of IPv4 embedded devices in its current network due to the lack of address space and the fact that many of those will need clear 2 way IP communication channel. The Authors propose a strategy for IPv6 introduction into operator infrastructure based on the current network architecture present service portfolio and several transition mechanisms. The strategy has been applied in laboratory with setup close enough to the current operator’s network. The criterion for a successful experiment is full two-way IPv6 application layer connectivity between the IPv6 server and the IPv6 Internet of Things (IoT) cloud

Stochasticity in Algorithmic Statistics for Polynomial Time

A fundamental notion in Algorithmic Statistics is that of a stochastic object, i.e., an object having a simple plausible explanation. Informally, a probability distribution is a plausible explanation for x if it looks likely that x was drawn at random with respect to that distribution. In this paper, we suggest three definitions of a plausible statistical hypothesis for Algorithmic Statistics with polynomial time bounds, which are called acceptability, plausibility and optimality. Roughly speaking, a probability distribution m is called an acceptable explanation for x, if x possesses all properties decidable by short programs in a short time and shared by almost all objects (with respect to m). Plausibility is a similar notion, however this time we require x to possess all properties T decidable even by long programs in a short time and shared by almost all objects. To compensate the increase in program length, we strengthen the notion of `almost all\u27 - the longer the program recognizing the property is, the more objects must share the property. Finally, a probability distribution m is called an optimal explanation for x if m(x) is large. Almost all our results hold under some plausible complexity theoretic assumptions. Our main result states that for acceptability and plausibility there are infinitely many non-stochastic objects, i.e. objects that do not have simple plausible (acceptable) explanations. Using the same techniques, we show that the distinguishing complexity of a string x can be super-logarithmically less than the conditional complexity of x with condition r for almost all r (for polynomial time bounded programs). Finally, we study relationships between the introduced notions

Determination of the main parameters of the mole irrigation network in the Lower Volga region

The article presents the results of studies to determine the main parameters of the irrigation network for the mole irrigation system on light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region, a typical region of the Lower Volga region. This method of irrigating crops will be used for the first time in this region. For this, 3 variants of the depth (0.3; 0.4 and 0.5 m) of the location of mole sprinklers - soil pipes with a diameter of 58 ... 63 mm for supplying water to plants were studied. Based on the study of moisture contours, it was found that the most effective was the location of molehills at a depth of 0.3 ... 0.4 m, since 99.3 ... 95.1% of the moisture in the zone of normal moistening (90…110% SMC the next day after watering) was within the active soil layer of 0.0-0.8 m in the absence of deep filtration into the underlying layers. Further study of the moisture contours showed that at a mole irrigation depth of 0.3…0.5 m, the zone of normal moisture (90…110% SMC) extended 40…51 cm to the left and 42…45 cm to the right, and the zone of low moisture (75 ...90% SMC) - 69...91 cm to the left and 63...68 cm to the right of the molehill axis, which allows soil sprinklers to be located at a distance of 1.0...1.5 m from each other if it is necessary to uniformly moisten the active soil layer throughout the irrigation area. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation and the Administration of the Volgograd Region under project No. 22-26-20070, https://rscf.ru/project/22-26-20070

Methods for forming an irrigation network for a mole subsurface irrigation system

The article presents the results of field studies carried out in 2022 on light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region, which were aimed at studying the methods of forming soil pipes for the mole irrigation system using various designs of the mole tine (a special working body for cutting molehills) and the speed of the tractor during the formation of the irrigation network. The considered method of irrigation in the soil and climatic conditions of this region has not been previously studied. As a result, it was found that the use of a trapezoidal stand with a “knife” (a front cutting edge 30 mm wide along the entire height of the stand) and a “chisel” (a rectangular cutting surface of the drainer) was the most effective for arranging an irrigation network of mole irrigators (molehills), since here, regardless of the shape and size of the expanders, the degree of their shedding was 5–38% lower than in the variants with a rectangular post with an ellipsoid shape of the cutting surface of the drainer. Also, our studies showed that when the tractor was moving at 0.9 ... 2.6 km / h, the degree of destruction of molehills was 42 ... 87%, and at 3.4 ... 4.3 km / h this figure decreased to 13 ... 18%, therefore, this speed allowed more efficient formation of soil pipes for the creation of mole subsoil irrigation systems. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation and the Administration of the Volgograd Region under project No. 22-26-20070, https://rscf.ru/project/22-26-20070

Disorders in the System of Mineral and Bone Metabolism Regulators—FGF-23, Klotho and Sclerostin—in Chronic Kidney Disease: Clinical Significance and Possibilities for Correction

The chapter discusses the current understanding of the system of mineral and bone metabolism regulators—FGF-23, Klotho and sclerostin—disturbances in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the chapter we presented the date, including our own results, which allow to suggest the change in the ratio of FGF-23-Klotho-sclerostin in CKD as an early biomarker not only for the chronic kidney damage but also for high cardiovascular (CV) risk. Results of studies show that disorders in FGF-23-Klotho-sclerostin ratio correlate with the frequency and severity of hypertension, vascular calcification, cardiac remodelling, anaemia, malnutrition, inflammation and strong aggravate CV risk in CKD. It was found independent from blood pressure (BP) action of increased serum FGF-23 on the myocardium as well as the correlation of serum high-sensitive troponin I with increased serum FGF-23 and low Klotho levels in CKD patients. At the same time, it was shown that renoprotective therapy, including renin-angiotensin blockers, low-protein diet with amino/keto acid supplementation and phosphate binders, erythropoiesis stimulators, vitamin D metabolites used to get the target levels of BP, serum phosphorus, haemoglobin, parathyroid hormone and nutritional status disorders correction can reduce the risk of CV events, as the major cause of death in CKD patients

Nutritional Status Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease: Practical Aspects (Systematic Review)

Despite the significant achievements in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, the mortality rate of these patients still remains high. Nutritional status disorders (NSD) are considered now as one of the prognostic risk factors not only for dialysis but also for predialysis CKD stages. Since the publication of KDIGO 2012 guidelines for CKD patient’s management, there has been some significant advancement in our understanding of main NSD mechanisms in CKD, including different nosological group patients (first, in diabetic and systemic diseases patients). At the same time, there is still an urgent need for randomized trials for better-informed decisions and future optimization of CKD patients’ care. This chapter provides the current data on all aspects of NSD in CKD: etiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment approaches, as well as on risk factors of NSD at predialysis stages and in chronic hemodialysis patients. Considerable attention was devoted to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of NSD in CKD patients. It was determined that the overall strategy for dietary treatment contributed to improving the life quality of patients and slowing down of CKD progression. The review is written based on the published results of clinical studies performed on the position of evidence-based medicine

Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease and After Kidney Allotransplantation (Systematic Review)

Anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a separate independent risk factor of cardiovascular (CV) events. The aim of the review is to provide a literature summary concerning early diagnosis and treatment of anemia in CKD that may be useful for clinicians and contribute to decrease CV mortality. Literature searches were made in such major databases as: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, Web of Science, e-library, and website of WHO. This search encompassed original articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses relevant to CKD and anemia over recent 15 years. A total of 54 references from 562 reviewed articles were selected as they met to the search criteria (anemia and CKD, including diabetes mellitus, systemic diseases and post-transplant anemia). The publications included 27 randomized controlled trials, 20 experimental studies representing new data on the links of CKD anemia and cardiovascular risk markers (cytokines, Klotho, fibroblast growth factor (FGF-23), hyperglycemia, hypoalbuminemia and some others), 4 systematic reviews and 3 clinical practice guidelines. The main attention was devoted to the analysis of the studies provided an early diagnosis of anemia, an ability to minimize the factors contributing to its severity that have allowed to improve CV and total outcomes and to reduce costs of hospital treatment of CKD patients with anemia

Determination of the main parameters of the mole irrigation network in the Lower Volga region

The article presents the results of studies to determine the main parameters of the irrigation network for the mole irrigation system on light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region, a typical region of the Lower Volga region. This method of irrigating crops will be used for the first time in this region. For this, 3 variants of the depth (0.3; 0.4 and 0.5 m) of the location of mole sprinklers - soil pipes with a diameter of 58 ... 63 mm for supplying water to plants were studied. Based on the study of moisture contours, it was found that the most effective was the location of molehills at a depth of 0.3 ... 0.4 m, since 99.3 ... 95.1% of the moisture in the zone of normal moistening (90…110% SMC the next day after watering) was within the active soil layer of 0.0-0.8 m in the absence of deep filtration into the underlying layers. Further study of the moisture contours showed that at a mole irrigation depth of 0.3…0.5 m, the zone of normal moisture (90…110% SMC) extended 40…51 cm to the left and 42…45 cm to the right, and the zone of low moisture (75 ...90% SMC) - 69...91 cm to the left and 63...68 cm to the right of the molehill axis, which allows soil sprinklers to be located at a distance of 1.0...1.5 m from each other if it is necessary to uniformly moisten the active soil layer throughout the irrigation area. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation and the Administration of the Volgograd Region under project No. 22-26-20070, https://rscf.ru/project/22-26-2007

Methods for forming an irrigation network for a mole subsurface irrigation system

The article presents the results of field studies carried out in 2022 on light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region, which were aimed at studying the methods of forming soil pipes for the mole irrigation system using various designs of the mole tine (a special working body for cutting molehills) and the speed of the tractor during the formation of the irrigation network. The considered method of irrigation in the soil and climatic conditions of this region has not been previously studied. As a result, it was found that the use of a trapezoidal stand with a “knife” (a front cutting edge 30 mm wide along the entire height of the stand) and a “chisel” (a rectangular cutting surface of the drainer) was the most effective for arranging an irrigation network of mole irrigators (molehills), since here, regardless of the shape and size of the expanders, the degree of their shedding was 5–38% lower than in the variants with a rectangular post with an ellipsoid shape of the cutting surface of the drainer. Also, our studies showed that when the tractor was moving at 0.9 ... 2.6 km / h, the degree of destruction of molehills was 42 ... 87%, and at 3.4 ... 4.3 km / h this figure decreased to 13 ... 18%, therefore, this speed allowed more efficient formation of soil pipes for the creation of mole subsoil irrigation systems. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation and the Administration of the Volgograd Region under project No. 22-26-20070, https://rscf.ru/project/22-26-20070